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जहां तक रूस और चीन की बात है तो वो डॉलर में कारोबार कम करने

G20 के अध्यक्ष के रूप में भारत के पास अब एक सुरक्षित साइबरस्

प्रधानमंत्री नरेंद्र मोदी की ज़िम्मेदारी बिल्कुल साफ़ �

GST व्यवस्था लागू होने के पिछले पांच वर्षों के दौरान हमने द�

बाइडेन और आईपीईएफ आर्थिक पारदर्शिता की वकालत करते हैं और

आर्थिक कूटनीति के नये क्षेत्रों को लेकर भारत के रुख़ पर न

इक्कीसवीं सदी में काम की परिभाषा बदल गई है, जैसा कि समाज न�

आज जब महामारी से लेकर यूक्रेन संकट तक तमाम तरह की उठा-पटक �

दांव पर बहुत कुछ लगा होने के बावजूद श्रीलंका में आर्थिक स�

हाल ही में भारत में संपन्न CII-एग्ज़िम बैंक कॉन्क्लेव से व्�

भारत की सुरक्षा ज़रूरतों को ध्यान में रखते हुए रक्षा बजट �

भारत की सुरक्षा ज़रूरतों को ध्यान में रखते हुए रक्षा बजट �

विश्व की बदलती व्यवस्था बिम्सटेक को दक्षिण एशियाई क्षेत�

कोरोना महामारी की पृष्ठभूमि में इस बार का बज़ट स्वास्थ्य

भारत अपनी ‘आर्थिक संरचना’ को इन नई हक़ीक़तों के हिसाब से �

A new social contract between citizens, consumers, employees, the state, and enterprise is needed to delineate a new understanding around rights, responsibilities and entitlements. Digital  transformations  are  rapidly  altering  the  nature  of  work,  models  of employment,    contracts,    regulations    and    protections.    Increasingly,    the responsibilities  of the state are becoming the obligations  of,�

ndia was facing a massive balance of payment crisis when the Observer Research Foundation released a document, ‘Agenda for Economic Reform’, on 1 July 1991. The Agenda outlined the reasons for the crisis and recommended a broad strategy to enable the country to overcome it. As India marks 30 years since the start of widespread reforms that opened up the economy, ORF revisits the recommendations outlined in the document.

Left-wing activism amongst young people in the United States is on the rise, in no small part aided by the internet and social media. The generation which demographic researchers refer to as ‘Gen-Z’—or those born between the mid- to late 1990s to the early 2010s—is becoming more politically engaged. This brief offers an intellectual history of modern-day leftist politics in the US, and argues that it is primarily driven by the pur

This brief examines India’s defence allocations for 2022-23. It outlines the conceptual and definitional aspects of the defence budget, examines defence allocations from the prism of state of the economy and public finance, and explores the potential impacts of the budget announcements on the defence production sector of the government’s self-reliance mission, Atmanirbhar Bharat Abhiyan. The analysis also utilises a comparison of India’s mi

बीएनपीएल के बढ़ते उपयोग के संदर्भ में आरबीआई को इस बात के

This paper explores the various opportunities and challenges of the Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation or BIMSTEC, a unique inter-regional grouping composed of aspiring member countries from South Asia and Southeast Asia. While the grouping has massive potential to contribute to regional cooperation, this paper explores the capabilities of the organisation in terms of meeting the expectations of renewed

This paper highlights the risks that emerging economies are exposed to given the extended use of Unconventional Monetary Policies in advanced economies. It also explores how financial resilience of emerging economies can be increased to ensure stable economic growth.

भू-राजनीति के प्रतिस्पर्धी कोष्ठागारों (साइलोज़, यानी ऐस

Increasingly, the Chinese are realising that keeping their currency undervalued is not a viable option. The end game as far as the exchange rate management in China is concerned should look towards establishing a less controlled and more market oriented exchange rate-one that is determined by actual demand and supply factors.

Vivek Mishra, “China’s Tech Challenge: Assessing Biden’s Response,” ORF Issue Brief No. 649, July 2023.

शर्म अल-शेख़ जलवायु सम्मेलन में एक बड़ी आम सहमति ज़रूर बन�

Pakistan has been one of the countries worst affected by COVID-19, with the economic disruption caused by the pandemic exacerbating an already existing crisis. This paper discusses how the public health crisis has affected some of the most critical sectors of the Pakistani economy. While the government has implemented some mitigation measures, they are inadequate to counter the impact of the pandemic. The paper analyses the likely fallout of a ne

जब ख़तरनाक रफ़्तार से डिजिटल वित्त सेक्टर आगे बढ़ रहा है,

नियामक संस्थाओं की हद से ज़्यादा पहुंच को नियामक सुधारों

आपूर्ति श्रृंखलाओं में विविधता लाने की ज़रूरत बढ़ती जा र

China has often showed a lack of willingness to abide by not only established international law but also certain norms that the global community has fostered over the years. It has flouted the decision issued by an arbitration court at The Hague regarding its claims in the South China Sea; it has also appropriated intellectual property.  In the 1970s when the Western economies were taking the lead in setting global norms while balancing the thre

In November 2014, India introduced a visa facility allowing foreign travellers wanting to come to India for recreational purposes, casual visits with friends or relatives, short-duration medical treatment or business visits, to apply for their visa online. Since then, the government has taken specific initiatives to improve the process, with the more recent ones including the introduction of three e-visa categories (e-medical, e-business, and e-t

This brief examines the efficacy of the inclusion of private capital in development finance, using the cases of certain countries that have met with success in utilising such a strategy. It underlines the experiences of institutions like the Japan Bank for International Cooperation (JBIC) and the United States International Development Finance Corporation (US-IDFC) that use innovative financial tools to support international financial institution

This paper attempts to make a contribution in the context of the recent push in making India an e-empowered economy for promoting exports. The study stems from the premise that exports respond significantly to the costs associated with breaking into foreign markets and sustaining in those markets, whereas e-commerce offers a ready platform to minimise such costs. The empirical exercise focuses on export decision and export intensity, after adjust

Financial inclusion is critical to achieving the economic empowerment of women—one of the targets under the fifth Sustainable Development Goal on gender equality. In India, one in every five women lack access to a bank account. Although the country’s programmes promoting financial inclusion have increased the percentage of women having access to a bank account, wide gaps remain in account use, and access to savings and credit. Women c

Accumulated non-performing assets (NPAs) in the Indian banking system, specifically in the public sector banks (PSBs), have adverse effects on credit disbursement. An increasing amount of bad loans have prompted the banks to be extra cautious, which has dried the credit channel. Two components are key in resolving the NPA problem: the immediate task of resolving the current accumulation in the PSBs, and the more important long-term task of ensuri

This Issue Brief seeks to provide inputs for further discussion to gain from potential windfall opportunities that might arise for India's natural gas industry as well as lay the requisite foundation for a future plan.

भारत और G7 के देशों के बीच अनेक स्तरों पर संवाद की प्रक्रिय�